Unstacker



Nov. 17, 1953 E. A. VERRINDER UNSTACKEIR 7 Sheets-Sheet l Filed July 25.1949 ATTORNEY NOV 17, 1953 E. A. VERRINDER 2,659,497

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uNsTAcxER Filed July 25, 19'49 '7 Sheets-Sheet 3 lll NVENTOE ERNEST A.VE/A/'@ BYA Nov. 17, 1953 E. A. VERRINDER 2,659,497

UNsTAcKER Filed July 25, 1949 7 sheets-sheet 4 lo ,as 5,/ O|

Fife 4 INI/N701? RA/fs r A. wwe/Noise A 7' TOE/VE Y UNSTACKEIR '7Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 25. 1949 A T TOR/VE Y Nov. 17, 1953 E. A.VERRINDER 2,659,497

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v UNSTACKER Filed July 25, 1949 7 sheets-sheet 7 FIG. J3

Patented Nov. 17, 1953 UNSTACKER Ernest A. Verrinder, Riverside, Calif.,assignor to Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation, San Jose, Calif., acorporation of Delaware Application July 25, 1949, Serial No. 106,531

11 Claims.

This invention relates to devices for breaking down a stack of articlessuperimposed one upon another in the form of a column by separating thearticles from the upper end of said column one at a time.

Devices heretofore provided for this purpose included an elevator forthe column of articles and a separating mechanism actuated in timedrelation with the elevator. The latter characteristic limited thedevice, with any given setting of the timed relation between theelevator and separating mechanism, to operation upon stacks of articlesin which the latter have a certain xed uniform depth. In order for thedevice to operate upon articles of a different xed uniform depth, it wasnecessary to change the timed relation between the functioning of theelevator and of the box separating mechanism. This circumstanceconstituted a considerable limitation in the utility of these priordevices.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an unstacking devicein which the operation of the article separating mechanism is not tiedto the elevator in timed relation therewith, but wherein said device isadapted to operate upon articles varying in depth within a substantialrange without any adjustment in said device to cause it to functionsatisfactorily being necessary.

Another object of the invention is to provide such an unstacking devicewhich is suitable for use in handling open boxes loaded with loosematerial and which separates the individual boxes from the stack withoutupsetting the same, thereby retaining said material in said boxes.

A further object oi the invention is to providel such an unstackingdevice which is relatively simple and inexpensive to build and the costof maintenance of which is low.

The manner of accomplishing the foregoing objects as well as furtherobjects and advantages will be made manifest in the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. l is a side elevational view oi a preferred embodiment of theinvention.

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view of Fig. 1 taken in the direction ofthe arrow 2.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 2 with the motor removed to permit thestructure therebeneath to be visible.

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view taken on the line of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of a section of one of the stackelevating chains and illustrating a chain lock in an inactive positionas when the elevator is lifting a stack.

Fig. 6 is a View similar to Fig. 5 and illustrates the chain lock inoperation when the elevator is halted.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic sectional view taken on the line 1 7 of Fig. 2and illustrating the manner in which certain electric switches of thedevice are actuated.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail view of a stack actuated switch of theinvention located at the lower end of the elevator.

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic detail view illustrating the manner in which astack supporting cradle arm is guided in changing direction at the upperend of the elevator.

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic View illustrating one position of an uppermostbox of a stack just after the action starts by which said box isseparated from the rest of the stack.

Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 10 and illustrates a more advancedstage in said box separating action.

Fig. 12 is a wiring diagram showing a preferred electrical wiring systemfor use in the operation of said invention.

Fig. 13 is a siniplied diagram of the same wiring system shown in Fig.l2.

Referring speciiically to the drawings the nvention is there shown asembodied in an unstacker 25 having a frame 26 the base 2l of which ismounted upon a level floor 2B (Fig. l) there being a suitable pit Z9formed in said floor to accommodate portions of the structure of theunstacker which extend below the floor line.

The base 2 includes longitudinal members 3! which are connected by across member 3i and upon which inclined upright channel members 32 andS3 are mounted. The upper end portions of the channel members 33 areangled relatively to the lower portions thereof so as to lie parallelwith the channel members 32 and are connected thereto by spacers 3i and35 (Fig. l). The channel members 32 are tied together by cross channels35, Zita and 3l. Mounted on these cross channels are stack guides 38.Mounted on inner faces of channels 32 are inner and outer rising flightchain guides d5 and it (Figs. 2 and 4). Lower` terminal chain guides il(Figs. 1 and 2) are also provided which lie on the same planes as theguides G5 and fit. Chain guides 'i8 and iS (Figs. l, 5 and 5) aremounted on the inner faces of the members 33 near their upper ends.Chain locks 5c are pivotally mounted on the guides 49 for operation asillustrated in Figs. 5 and 6.

Jour-nailed in suitable bearings supported between upper ends of theframe members 32 and 33 is a lifter shaft (Figs. l, 2 and 3) carryinglifter rollers which are preferably provided with rubber treads 5i.Fixed on one end of shaft 55 is a sprocket da (Fig. 2) and on the otherend thereof a sprocket 59.

Projecting laterallyv from upper ends of the frame members 32 and 33 areboX structures Sii carrying bearings Gi and 62 (Fig. 2), stub shafts |53being journalled in said bearings. Secured on the inner ends of theseshafts are sprockets Ell having drums G5 formed thereon. Also iixed onshafts 63 just outside the bearings 62 are sprockets 66.

Trained about the sprocket Eid and extending between the chain guides55, 4.6, its, and 49 and around the reverse turn chain guides :'51 (Fig.l) are endless chains 1t. These chains carry two stack cradles 'ii eachof which includes a pair of individual stack supports 's2 mounted on thechains at corresponding points thereon. Each of the supports 12 includesa gib block 13 which is welded to one of the links of one of the chains19 and has a slot 15. therein which is adapted to receive the adjacentchain guide il@ when that gib is rising with the rising iight of itschain 1d so as to steady the stack support 12 of which it is a part.Said stack support also includes an 1B which is pivotally supported onthe gib block 'i3 at 1.53. ri'he outer end of the arm "it is connectedby a link chain 'dll with a link in the chain '.5 on which said support'aE is mounted which is several lings in advance of the link on whichthe block 13 thereof is mounted.

Supported at its upper end on plates Si ixed on channel members is atake-away box conveyor t2 having a frame 33 on the upper end of which ismounted a shaft 84 carrying a pulley 85 about which is trained aconveyor belt et the latter riding over an arched apron 8i provided onthe frame ES as said belt travels downwardly. The frame 53 also has acounter shaft 3B which is connected by a chain 3Q and suitable sprocketsto the shaft The shaft 8S has a sprocket 99 on its extending end whichis connected by a chain 9| with the sprocket 5S (see Fig. 2).

Extending forwardly from the upper ends of frame member is a rigid framestructure 95 including horizontal channel members diagonal channelmembers 91, and angle structures S8 and @il which are welded together onthe upper edges of the members 91. Fixed on the structures 99 are a pairof bearings its in which a shaft journals, this shaft carrying at itsopposite ends a pair of sprockets |62 and, outside one of thesesprockets, a sprocket i915. ri'rained about and connecting the sprocketswith the sprockets are endless chains ii.

Supported on the structure $8 is a geared electric motor which drivessprockets and H2, the sprocket H5 being connected with a sprocket 53 bya chain ile and the sprocket H2 being connected with the sprocket 33 bya chain lili. Fixed on the frame members to extend downwardly therefromnear their outer ends are housings |28 providing slideways i2| forbearings |22 in which opposite ends of a shaft i223 journal, saidhousings enclosing coil springs lid which bias said bearings 22 inwardlyagainst the inner ends of runways S2i. The pressure of springs |26..against bearings |22 is adjustable by screw jacks |25 provided on saidhousings.

Fixed to inside faces of end portions of the frame members $58 areplates |33 having arms ii 4 and |32 extending downwardly therefrom, thearm |3| being bent outwardly at its lower end. to extend under the shaft|23.

Pivoted at their lower ends to lower ends of arms |232 and |32 are links|33 and |35, the upper ends of which are connected by transverse shafts|35 and ISS. Pivotally mounted on these shafts, with said shafts inspaced relation, are box pusher members |31 each of which has a fork |38at its inner end in each of which is pivotally mounted a rubber tiredroller |353 which is similar to one of the rollers 5S.

Fixed on shaft |23 is a pair of cylindrical metal rollers Iii-, therollers 55, |36, and E69 on each f side-of the machine lying in thevertical plane of the box guide 38 on that side of the machine (seeFigs. 2Y and 3). The unstacker 25 is adapted thandle boxes B the headsof which rest against the beads |50 of the box guides 3S when a stack ofthese boxes is symmetrically positioned in the machine. Fixed guides |5|are provided near the upper end of the guides 33 to center the boxes ofa stack handled in the machine, as this is lifted therein.

Mounted on the oor 28 for feeding stacks S of boxes B into the machine25 is a floor track |63 comprising a pair of chains |t|, the upperflights or which travel in metal channels |62, and which are driven bysprockets |63 on a shaft |66 rlhe latter shaft is driven by an electricmotor (not shown) which is connected thereto by a sprocket IE5 and achain |66. The shaft |652 also has a sprocket |61 which rotates a driveshaft |68 of an auxiliary iioor track It@ through a chain |15 whichconnects sprocket |61 with a sprocket |1| which is xed on the shaft Nid.

Electric controls for the unstacker 25 include a switch s-l which ismounted on the floor track |60 so as to be opened by a stack S p ssingthereover; switch s-2 which is positioned to be engaged by the lower endof a stack the latter is delivered into the unstacker switch s-' whichlocated just below one oi' the frame members andv is actuated by a gibeach time a cradle 1i rises past said switch; and switch s-4 which ismounted at the upper: end of the machine (Figs. 1 and 2) to be engagedby one of the gibs 13 of each cradle 1| as the latter passes over thezenith of its path of travel, It might be noted here that each of thearms 18 has provided thereon a boss I1?. which engages the drum 55 ofthe adjacent sprocket 6ft as the gib 13 on which said arm is mountedchanges direction at the upper end of the unstacker elevator (Figs. 2and 9) thereby smoothly reversing the movement of supports 12 aboutshaft 63.

Mounted on structure 98 is a switch s|1 which is opened whenever a boxgets caught on the box therebeneath and thus, failing to be dischargedover the rollers 55, rises into contact with a plate |15 supported on alever |16 which overlies switch s-I'I and is pivotally mounted onstructure 98. The opening of switch s|1 stops motor Il until the removalof the box in question permits the unstacker to resume its normaloperation, which takes place when switch s|1 is again closed.

OPERATION Fig. 1 illustrates the unstacker 25 in the act of unstacking astack S of boxes B. The operation starts by closing the open points ofswitch s-1 which constitutes the starting and stopping switch, whichenergizes the motor IIO and the motor I which drives the floor tracks|60 and I 59 through the chain IE6. Stacks S of boxes B are now placedupon the iioor track la and these are carried on this track towards thestacker 25. When the motor liti is energized without any stack being inthe unstacker, this motor is halted the iirst time switch s-4 is openedby a cradle il passing over the zenith of its path of movement. At thistime the other cradle TI is at the bottom of the unstacker and the arms'i3 thereof are guided by guides I8! so that these turn forwardly intoproper positions for lifting a stack S when the latter has been fed intothe machine. After the halting of the motor il@ by the actuation ofswitch s-ll the iioor track continues to feed the initial stack S intothe machine until the latter engages and actuates switch 3 2. Thisstarts the motor I I 0 causing upward travel of one of cradles 'IIimmediately beneath the stack in the unstacker.

If switch s-l remains depressed while the initial stack S is engagingswitch s-2 the floor track motor |55 is halted and remains de-energizeduntil the gib I3 of the support 'i2 on that side of the unstackerengages switch s-S whereupon the motor its is re-energized causing theoor track to resume the delivery of stacks S to the unstacker 25.

As the uppermost box of a stack S being elevated in the unstacker 25comes opposite the rollers Me the upper box B therein is forced inwardlyagainst the beads 55 of the box guides 38 so that the corners of the boxdisposed inwardly will engage the rubber tired rollers 55 when this boxcomes opposite said rollers. This results as shown in Fig. l in theinner portion of the box B, thus engaging the lifter rollers 55, beinglifted upwardly while the outermost portion of this box B still restsupon the box immediately there beneath.

About the same time said uppermost box comes into contact with therollers 56 it also engages the rollers E39 of the pusher members E37 soas to lift the rollers ISS upwardly and swing the members i3? outwardlyso that rollers i3d move away from over said uppermost box until saidrollers arrive in an inwardly pushing position in which they are shownin Fig. 1G. This movement of rollers I 35 stretches the springs me whichare connected at their opposite ends to the structure 98 and shaft ISE.This positioning of the rollers IBB and stretching of the springs i9@ isfollowed shortly by the inner portion of the uppermost box B beinglifted by the rollers 55 into a position to pass over these rollers 55which is accompanied by considerable acceleration due to the frictionalengagement of the rollers 55 with the uppermost box E and the inwardpressure of the rollers ISB, urged, as these rollers are, by thetensioned springs 195.

The rollers I3@ follow the uppermost box B inwardly as shown in Fig. l1until the center of gravitv of said box is almost directly over the axisof the rollers 5S and the movement of this bcx over the rollers 5S hasbeen accelerated to the point where it is rapidly discharged from overthese rollers onto the conveyor 82.

In like manner each of the succeeding boxes of the stack S in theunstacker 25 is discharged singly over the rollers 5t and onto theconveyor 82.

A significant advantage of the present invention is to be found. in thefact that the mechanism for separating individual boxes, from the upperend of a stack of the same being elevated, does not operate in timedrelation with the elevator but instead operates in timed relation withthe contact of the upper face of the uppermost box with the rollers ISS.Considering the lifter rollers 56 and the stack guides 35 as guide meansdisposed alongside the rising stack, it is to be noted that irrespectiveof variations in the depth of the boxes B (within a reasonable range, ofcourse), the box separating mechanism functions in timed relation withthe engagement of the upper face of each uppermost box B with therollers |39 to effect separation of this box from the stack and thedischarge thereof over said guide means, as shown in Fig. 11. rFheunstacker 25 is thus adapted for use on boxes varying as much as an inchin depth without causing any malfunctioning of the individual boxseparating mechanism at the upper end thereof. In prior unstackers thiswould be impossible because of the mechanical drive connection providedtherein between the elevator and the box separating mechanism so thatthese operated in only a single xed timed relation with each other.

It is to be noted, therefore, that the rollers [35 perform threefunctions. They act as timing members in that they cause the boxseparating mechanism to function to separate the uppermost box from thestack in what is practically a iixed timed relation between saidseparation and the moment said upwardly moving box contacts saidrollers. These rollers also perform the function of transmitting fromthe rising stack the power for stretching the springs i90 and thusimparting to these springs the motive power for separating the box andthe stack when the separating mechanism is free to act. Finally, rollers39 roll over the up-per outer corner of said uppermost box as shown inFig. 10 so as to come into position alongside said box at the momentthat its opposite side rises above the lifter rollers 55 whereby rollers|39 transmit to said box the impulse of the box separating mechanism soas to rapidly shift said box out of the path, along which the stack isrising, to a position over the rollers 55 the 'constant rotation ofwhich completes the separation of said box from the stack initiated bythe box separating mechanism.

The rollers 56 may thus be considered, in a sense, to comprise part ofthe box separating mechanism as well as forming a part of the guidemeans aforesaid.

The electrical system shown in Figs. 12 and 13 functions, in theoperation of the invention above described, in the following manner.Closing the normally open contacts of starter switch S- energizes relaycoil S-9-c closing relay contacts S-S-o, S92 and S-B-S thereby sealingin the energizing circuit of coil S-9-c. The closing of switch S-9-3energizes the elevator motor switch coil S-l3-c starting elevator motorSie. The closing of switch S-S-o energizes the floor track motor switchcoil S-I-c thereby starting iioor track motor I 85. A stack restirrr on.the floor track will now be moved toward the unstacker.

This stack opens switch S-i upon contacting the same, therebyfle-energizing S-lZ-c and stopping motor with the stack resting onswitch S-I and holding this open. Assuming' that one elevator cradle Ilis now below switch 8 3 and rising, the gib 'I3 of that cradlemomentarily closes switch S-S, as it passes the same, thereby energizingS-I-c and closing S-I t-I and S-I-Z which re-energizes S-I2-c andrestarts the floor amarlo? the elevator is thus resumed.

Arriving in the elevator, this stack operates switch S-, opening the nonail closed terr mais thereof, which stops motor and closing` thenormally open terminals with no result as S434: is already energized.After its engagement with switch S-3, the rising elevator cradle Elcontinues upwardly and, at its zenithJ engages switch S-l which opensthis switch with no effect because .SJ-2 is at that time actua-ted bythe entering stack. Had this stach not yet arrived in the elevator',switch .f-2 would be unactuated and the opening of SJ; would stop theelevator energizing Si3-cin such an event the clel5 vator wo stack engand x ould then have sto The lower cradle "El now rises beneati nd thestach in the ele a'fior and mov 'Y away from Si the normal. This doe@the aina ent gib of the u movement or disposed. cra-:lle out oi eo S-JI,closes the latter and this e going.

Switches S-l a tance apart slightl along the bor.. discharge conveyor ofthese is contacted and held open long as said box is t' ectly oppositeit. boxes are normally if c switches will be both open only a ja on thebox discharge conveyor and ther taneous opening will de-energire S-i Scand stop the elevator. As soon as this jam is relieved and one oi theswi ches S-il and S-E i-c-c closes a result, this will re-energize S-ltcand start the elevator.

Switches S2-T and Sl3T are overload cut- 4( outs incorporatedrespectively in the magnetic switches for the motors driving theelevator and floor track. 'In case overload on either motor, theseoverload sv tches operate to stop both motors.

Switches S-iel and E3-i5 manual switches for jogging respectively themotor for the elevator and the motor for the loor track.

rThe claims are:

l. In a box unstacxer, the combination or: an 5;) elevator adapted tolift a stack ol* boxes in column form along a path t aid stack;

a power driven rotary :trictlonal box lifter locatedhorizontallyadjacent an upper portion of said path so the portion of anuppermost box 55 on said sLn comes into rictiona-l engagement path so asto be conost box as it rises therein; 'nounting member to so "Jonse toengagement or said member, shirt d path on the opposite side of thelatter from L'. lifter; inea operating to press against a portion ofsaid box opposite that side portion thereof which engages said lil' e:,whereby s niem er propels said box onto saro. lifter and the rotation cisal-d lifter causes the movement o said box ther-cover to continue untilsaid box is entirely removed from said and conveyor means forsuccessively receiving boxes thus delivered from the upper end o stack.and over said lifter.

2. A combination as in claim l in which said member is provided with apair of rollers which e tacterl by said uppern cause it to move, in saiduppermost box said member out of s ffl 8 engage the uppermost box ofsaid stacl: in the planes of the box heads.

8. A combination as in claim 2, in which the means for mounting saidmember includes linkage constraining the movement of said member totravel between a position in which it overlies and contacts saiduppermost box, and a position disposed upwardly from the first positionand outwardly away from over said uppermost box, and spring meansconstantly urging said member from said second position to said nrstmentioned position.

4. In a box unstacker, the combination of: a stack elevator; a rotaryconveyor roller located horizontally alongside the path along which astack of boxes is lifted by said elevator; power means to rotate saidroller with the surface thereof rising adjacent said path; a box pushermember disposed in the path of said uppermost box as it rises toward thelevel of said roller; and resilient means for mounting said pushermember to cause it to resistingly yield upwardly, when engaged by saidbox, and away from over said box on the opposite side of said path fromsaid roller, said means thereupon applying pressure horizontally throughsaid pusher against said box, as the latter rises further, to propelsaid box onto said roller whereby frictional engagement of said box andsaid roller conveys said box over said roller.

5. A combination as in claim 4 in which said conveyor roller and saidpusher each includes a pair of rollers engaging said box in the planesor the box heads.

6. A combination as in claim 5 in which said conveyor rollers havefriction treads and engage and lift an adjacent side portion of anuppermost box above the next box therebeneath as said pusher rollers areyielding upwardly and outwardly from over upper edges of said box sides.

'7. A combination as in claim 6 in which inclined stack guides areprovided in said planes beneath said conveyor rollers, said elevatorlifting said stack while tilted against said guides; and a pair ofpressure rollers resiliently pressing said next box against said guidesas the uppermost box is being engaged by said conveyor rollers andpusher rollers.

8. In a box unstaclrer the combination of: a stack elevator forelevating a stacl; of boxes along a given path; a conveyor disposed at agiven level. alongside said path for successively receiving the boxes ofsaid stack as said boxes arrive at said level; a box pusher disposed insaid path to be engaged by the topmost box o said stack as it risestoward said level; and resilient means for mounting said pusher to causeit to resistingly yield upwardly when engaged by said box, and away fromover said box on the opposite side of said path from said conveyor',said means thereupon applying pressure horizontally through said pusheragainst said box, to propel said box onto said conveyor said pusherthereby being again extended into said path so as to be similarlyengaged by the next uppermost box of said stack so that the action ofsai-d pusher aforesaid is repeated on each of the boxes of said stack asthey successively become the topmost box of the stack and are elevatedtoward the level of said conveyor.

9. In a device for breaking down a stack of articles superimposed oneupon another in the form of a column, into a series of separatearticles, the combination of: an elevator for lifting said stack ofarticles in column form along a path aligned with said stack; guidemeans disposed along one side of said path for engagement by said stackas said stack rises on said elevator; roller means; means formounting-said roller means to suspend the same in said path so as to becontacted by the uppermost box of said stack as the latter is lifted bysaid elevator, said mounting means being yieldable, upon movement thusbeing imparted to said roller means, to guide said roller means along acourse which is inclined upwardly and outwardly from said path on theopposite side of the same from said guide means; and resilient meansconnected with said mounting means so as to resist the travel of saidroller means in response to the engagement of said uppermost box withthe latter whereby power is transmitted from said ele- Vator throughsaid uppermost box and said roller means to said resilient means, whichpower is applied reactively through said roller means to a side portionof said uppermost box as said roller means is shifted away from oversaid uppermost box and as the latter rises above said guide means tocause said power applied to said box through said roller means to propelsaid uppermost box from sai-d path over said guide means.

10. A combination as in claim 8 in which the return of said pusher intosaid path rapidly propels said uppermost box onto said conveyor, saidpusher remaining in contact with said uppermost box and pushing thelatter until the center of gravity of said uppermost box has closelyapproached a position over said conveyor, thereby assuring that travelof said uppermost box on said conveyor away from over said stackcontinues after the top face of the next rising box engages and retractssaid pusher away from the aforesaid uppermost box to start the next boxseparating cycle.

11. In a device for breaking down a stack of rectangular boxes, having auniform cross-section, and superimposed one upon another in the form ofa column, into a series of separate boxes, the combination of: anelevator for lifting said stack of boxes along a path aligned with saidstack; a conveyor roller positioned adjacent said path to befrictionally engaged by one side of each box in said stack as said boxrises to the level of said roller; means for constantly rotating saidconveyor roller; a pair of pusher rollers lying in the planes of theends of said boxes; means for shiftably mounting said pusher rollerswith the 1latter initiall; in a position over the ends of the uppermostbox so as to extend approximately half way across said ends towards saidconveyor roller from the opposite side or said box, said pusher rollersbeing shifted upwardly and away from said conveyor roller by the risingor" said uppermost box while said box is in contact with both saidconveyor roller and said pusher rollers until said pusher rollers rideaway from over said uppermost box so es to bear against said oppositeside of said uppermost box; and yieldable means biasing said pusherroller mounting means to continually urge said pusher rollers towardstheir iirst mentioned position, aforesaid, whereby said pusher rollers,upon yielding away from over said box ends, push said box against saidconveyor roller, thereby producing a sufficient frictional engagementbetween said rst mentioned box side and said conveyor roller to liftsaid side of said box Causing said side to ride up onto said conveyorroller, the pressure of said pusher roller against the other side ofsaid box thereupon propelling said box over said conveyor roller untilsaid pusher roller has been returned to its initial position, aforesaid,at which time the center of gravity of said uppermost box has closelyapproached a position directly over said conveyor roller.

ERNEST A. VERRINDER.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 832,433 Straub et al. Oct. 2, 1906 1,972,969 Allen Sept. 11,1934 2,258,461 Marsden et al. Oct. 7, 1941

